CDC Reports: Vaccine Effectiveness of the New 2023 COVID-19 Monovalent Booster
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
- In September 2023, the CDC recommended that all individuals older than 6 months receive an updated monovalent COVID-19 vaccine booster (XBB.1.5–derived vaccine)
- Link-Gelles et al. (CDC MMWR, 2024) estimated the updated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
METHODS:
- Test-negative case-control study
- Participants
- Adults who reported ≥1 symptom of COVID-19
- Cases: positive nucleic acid amplification test
- Controls: Negative test
- Adults who reported ≥1 symptom of COVID-19
- Exposures
- Receipt of the updated monovalent COVID-19 booster
- No receipt of booster
- Study design
- Spike-gene target failure (SGTF) on RT-PCR was used as a proxy for infection with the JN.1 variant (new variant that became prominent in December 2023)
- Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios
- Primary outcome
- VE against symptomatic disease
- Odds of receipt versus nonreceipt of the updated COVID-19 vaccine among case- and control patients
- VE against symptomatic disease by SGTF result
- VE against symptomatic disease
RESULTS:
- Cases: 3295 | Controls: 5927
- VE of the new booster, median 52 days after vaccination, in adults: 54% (95% CI, 46 to 60)
- When tests were performed at a laboratory with SGTF testing (n=2199)
- VE among tests with SGFT: 49% (95% CI, 19 to 68)
- VE among tests without SGFT: 60% (95% Ci, 35 to 75)
CONCLUSION:
- The VE of the updated COVID-19 booster is around 54% for adults
- The booster was still effective against the new JN.1 variant that become prevalent in late 2023
- The authors state
Waning of effectiveness is expected with additional elapsed time since vaccination, especially against less severe disease
CDC will continue to monitor trends in VE
All persons aged ≥6 months should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination, including receiving a dose of updated vaccine
Learn More – Primary Sources:
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